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WX0403 · Fronts, Storms & Hurricanes

25 questions · 22 multiple choice · 3 written · ASA 109 Marine Weather — Fronts, Storms & Hurricanes

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Q1
As we scan the squall filled horizon in warm northern waters, which squalls are those that would most likely reach us, assuming we are not faster than they are.
Q2
What is a good rule of thumb for the minimum water temperature needed to form a hurricane or typhoon?
Q3
What can be said about the strong winds of a squall?
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We are talking here about the general behavior of a squall, not specifically what you might experience depending on your location relative to the squall.

Q4
Coastal waters of which state has the most thunderstorms?
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The statistic is usually recorded as thunderstorm days per year.

Q5
At sea in warm waters, you are most likely to have squalls...?
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The answer is different on land.

Q6
What best describes the behavior of the wind as a warm front approaches and passes in the open ocean of the northern hemisphere?
Q7
Cold fronts are associated with...
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Clouds at fronts are covered in Graphic G207

Q8
List the wind speeds in knots that define: Gale, Storm-force, Hurricane-force, and Tropical storm.
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Think of modern usage of these terms more than just definitions that were used mostly in the past.

Q9
Write down the URL to the best website for tropical storm and hurricane information as well as history of hurricanes and other statistics.
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There are of course many links to related topics but we are asking here for the one recommended throughout our course.

Q10
What is a valuable piece of information common to all types of fronts passing us in the Northern Hemisphere?
Q11
What type of a front forms when a cold front overtakes and forces a warm front upward?
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The same general name would apply if the cold front rode up and over the warm front it overtook.

Q12
The Northern Hemisphere hurricane seasons reach peak activity during...?
Q13
Which condition would NOT indicate the approach of a tropical storm?
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It is fundamental to learn the natural signs of approaching bad weather.

Q14
How fast do typical surface storm centers move in the middle latitudes?
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If we have maps we often are told this. But sometimes it is missing from the surface maps.

Q15
What percent of tropical disturbances develop into storms of hurricane force winds (hurricanes, cyclones, or typhoons)?
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These are valuable statistics to keep in mind when these notices first appear on your weather maps.

Q16
The right half of the storm in the Northern Hemisphere is known as the dangerous semicircle because ...?
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Right side means you are facing the same direction it is moving.

Q17
In a hurricane which has central peak winds of 100 knots or so, how far from the center of the storm would you have to get to have winds reduced to some 40 knots or so?
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There is certainly no fixed answer, but what would be a rough estimate for a hurricane of this size.

Q18
In a warm sector between warm and cold fronts, the wind can be expected to be ...?
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Each zone—warm front, warm sector, and cold front—have distinctly different weather.

Q19
In a tropical cyclone in the Northern Hemisphere, a vessel hove to with the wind shifting counterclockwise (backing) would be ...?
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Draw a sketch of a Low with several isobars of circulating winds.

Q20
If the wind increases from 20 kts to 30 kts, the force on the boat and sails will go up by a factor of...?
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See text section 1.2.

Q21
Generally when the barometer drops the wind increases and when the barometer rises the wind starts to diminish. Some circumstances, however, can lead to the strongest winds of a passing Low actually occurring after the barometer has bottomed out and well into a rise again. How is this situation often described?
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What causes the wind in the first place?

Q22
What can be said of the secondary Low that often develops on the tail end of the front of a primary Low
Q23
How often do we get ASCAT wind data within 200 miles of our location in the mid latitudes?
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See starpath.com/ASCAT for use of our new ASCAT index.

Q24
Give the URL of a location where you can download the latest scatterometer wind data as graphic images.
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See www.starpath.com/ascat for much info on this topic

Q25
Which best describes a limitation of scatterometer wind data?
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Both the OSWT and the KNMI main sites have links to theoretical discussions of the data.